Three-dimensional finite element simulation of closed delaminations in composite materials

Early stage delaminations in composite materials tend to be closed at rest. Inspection with traditional linear ultrasonic techniques generally fails to diagnose and locate such imperfections. However, if undetected and left untreated, incipient defects may gradually grow within the material and eventually lead to failure of the component. Kissing bonds or clapping contacts inherently demand a non-linear diagnostic method, applying a finite excitation amplitude that is able to overcome an activation threshold to open and close the contact. In order to obtain a better understanding and analysis of the macroscopic non-linear behavior that can be observed at the component level, we developed and investigated the results of a finite element model for a composite material containing a single circular delamination. The model makes use of local node splitting and the non-linear constitutive behavior is implemented by means of spring-damper elements at the delamination interface. The results of this parametric study allow a better insight in the behavior of the excited delamination in experimental conditions, including the appearance of localized subharmonics and harmonics of the excitation frequency. Based on the developed model, two different detection and localization techniques (using either a single frequency or a sweep excitation) were demonstrated to determine position, shape, depth and orientation of one or multiple delaminations.     

基于主成分分析-二阶导数光谱成像的红外显微图像分析

红外显微成像技术将红外光谱技术和显微技术相结合,不仅可以提供测试样品的光谱信息而且能够提供测试样品的空间分布信息。然而复杂样品的红外显微图像谱峰重叠严重,无法直接获得目标组分的分布信息。将因子分析与光谱分离技术相结合提出了主成分分析-二阶导数光谱成像方法。通过兔子动脉红外显微图像中胆固醇分布的成像实验,验证该方法的可行性和有效性。实验结果表明,该方法可以提高光谱分辨率,挖掘隐藏于重叠谱峰中的有用信息,是一种有效的红外显微图像分析方法。     

基于路径积分的声传播微观特性的研究

运用量子力学的Feynman路径积分理论,尝试研究空气中声传播的计算方法及其微观特性。选取一小团空气(小体元)为研究对象,将声传播过程中一列振动的空气小体元近似为一组谐振子集合,用路径积分方法给出系统的能量方程及波函数,研究并分析声传播的某些机制和它的微观特性。在量子分子状态下,用密度矩阵将系统概率波幅(跃迁幅)与配分函数相关联,给出了谐振子处于能量E_n的概率p(E_n)和能量的平均值(?)。     

Option pricing under a normal mixture distribution derived from the Markov tree model

We examine a Markov tree (MT) model for option pricing in which the dynamics of the underlying asset are modeled by a non-IID process. We show that the discrete probability mass function of log returns generated by the tree is closely approximated by a continuous mixture of two normal distributions. Using this normal mixture distribution and risk-neutral pricing, we derive a closed-form expression for European call option prices. We also suggest a regression tree-based method for estimating three volatility parameters σ, σ⁺, and σ⁻ required to apply the MT model. We apply the MT model to price call options on 89 non-dividend paying stocks from the S&P 500 index. For each stock symbol on a given day, we use the same parameters to price options across all strikes and expires. Comparing against the Black–Scholes model, we find that the MT model’s prices are closer to market prices.     

定数截尾混合指数分布在恒加应力下的MCEM加速算法

应用Monte Carlo EM加速算法给出了混合指数分布在恒加应力水平下,在定数截尾场合的参数估计问题,并通过模拟试验说明利用Monte Carlo EM加速算法来估计混合指数分布比EM算法更有效,收敛速度更快.     

Influences of acoustic instabilities on turbulent-flame propagation

Influences of acoustic instabilities on premixed turbulent-flames have been studied experimentally in a Taylor–Couette (TC) combustor for downward flame propagation in a turbulent flow-field generated in the annulus between two cylinders. Flow-field velocities were measured at a fixed location upstream of the propagating flame using laser-doppler velocimetry, while flame speeds were determined from video-recorded images. It is found that the existence of pre-ignition turbulence in the combustor (generated by rotation of the combustor-cylinder walls) does not eliminate acoustic instabilities, however as the level of pre-ignition turbulence is increased the influence of the secondary acoustic instability on the turbulent-flame speed becomes insignificant. For low intensities of pre-ignition turbulence the flame is found to accelerate during the latter stages of flame propagation, while for high levels of pre-ignition turbulence the flame propagates at a statistically constant speed, even though velocity fluctuations have been substantially amplified by the time the flame reaches the bottom end of the combustor as a result of acoustic instability.     

聚电解质中阳离子对铁氰化钾还原过程影响的原位显微红外光谱电化学

采用原位显微红外光谱电化学方法研究了聚电解质中不同阳离子（Ｌｉ＋,Ｎａ＋,Ｋ＋和ＴＢＡ＋）存在下铁氰化钾的电化学还原过程．观察到支持电解质阳离子对Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）３－／４－６振动频率的影响,探讨了还原反应机理     

聚电解质中电活性物质氧化还原反应机理的现场显微红外光谱电化学研究

用现场显微红外光谱电化学方法研究了几种电活性物质,包括无机盐、有机物、无机聚合物微粒在聚电解质中的氧化还原反应及其机理。     

Micellar behavior of acrylamide– octylphenylpoly(oxyethylene) acrylate copolymer in aqueous solution

The copolymer of acrylamide and octylphenylpoly(oxyethylene) acrylate macromonomer (AM-C₈PhEO₇Ac) was synthesized and characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The molecular weight of the copolymer was determined to be 1.21 × 10⁵ by static light scattering. The weight contents of AM and macromonomer were determined to be 67.8 and 32.2%, respectively, by elemental analysis. The micellar behavior of the copolymer in aqueous solution was studied by UV spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The molecules of AM-C₈PhEO₇Ac copolymer form monomolecular micelles in the concentration range 4 × 10⁻⁶ – 3 × 10⁻⁵ g/ml and polymolecular micelles at concentrations above 3 × 10⁻⁵ g/ml according to the UV analysis. The AFM images indicate that the monomolecular micelles are globular with diameters of 70 nm and have a narrow size distribution. The polymolecular micelles can be globular or cylindrical depending on the concentration, and have a wide size distribution. Received: 10 February 1999 Accepted in revised form: 28 June 1999     

Strong approximations and sequential change-point analysis for diffusion processes

In this paper ergodic diffusion processes depending on a parameter in the drift are considered under the assumption that the processes can be observed continuously. Strong approximations by Wiener processes for a stochastic integral and for the estimator process constructed by the one-step procedure of Le Cam are obtained. Applying these approximations, a CUSUM-type procedure is developed for the sequential testing of changes in the parameter.